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June's Brain Facts Topics:-
1. Drug Abuse
2. Relationship aggression
3. Dieting before pregnancy 'puts babies at risk'
4. Pre-natal exposure to alcohol & alcoholism
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June's Brain Facts Topics:-
1. Drug Abuse
2. Relationship aggression
3. Dieting before pregnancy 'puts babies at risk'
4. Pre-natal exposure to alcohol & alcoholism
1. Drug Abuse
2. Relationship aggression
3. Dieting before pregnancy 'puts babies at risk'
4. Pre-natal exposure to alcohol & alcoholism
1. Frank Vocci of the National Institute on Drug Abuse has written "There's some suggestion that when you look across addictions, people who are obese, alcoholics, cocaine addicts, methamphetamine addicts, etc., they all have low levels of D2 receptors". Vocci further points out that D2-receptor density is influenced by environment as well as genetics.
"The Scientist" March 2003.
Additional comments.
a, D2 receptors refer to those receptors on the neurons which accept the neuro transmitter dopamine. A moderate "blast of dopamine" gives us a good feeling. Those people with a normal D2-receptor density are able to naturally achieve a good feeling through many physical activities, the notion of success etc.
b, In the above quote Vocci neglected to address the identical addiction aspects of nicotine, which, incidentally, was the subject of the major article.
c, The low D2-receptor density speaks to the issue of why cigarette smoking might become initially attractive and then addictive to adolescents who are experiencing difficulty in school or have an acquired a behavioural disorder such as Conduct Disorder.
d, This also speaks to the tremendous problems people experience when they try to break an addiction.
e, Other research indicates that when someone becomes addicted to a substance, the brain's natural production of the now replaced neuro transmitter is lowered or perhaps ceases all together.
2. Relationship aggression particularly amongst teenage girls has received considerable attention in the last few years. One question, however, remains to be answered.
i.e. How much of this aggression is spawned by genetics and how much comes about through environmental conditioning?
From a genetics perspective some of us have higher ingrained levels for potential aggression both in terms of neurochemicals, genetic reactions to stressors as well as neuro responses for wanting to belong. We are social beings, some of us more so than others. Girls also seem to form informal social grouping more easily
On the other hand our social environments direct girls not to employ physical violence, therefore they must use alternative means to achieve their goals. Girls, as a group, develop the capability to effectively use language earlier than boys. So when we couple language skills to a need for social grouping it helps us understand the power of relationship aggression.
The outcomes of physical bullying or relationship bullying are virtually identical, increased stress on the victim, increased possibility for depression with an increase in suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts and, of course, actual suicide.
Lastly, the challenge for all who work with boys and girls who bully or are being bullied is to understand how their "brains" are functioning while trying to attend to the growth and security needs of each individual, all the while keeping in mind the mix of nature and nurture.
3. Dieting before pregnancy 'puts babies at risk'
An increasing number of children are being born prematurely, which means they have less opportunity for their lungs and organs to develop, putting them at risk of cerebral palsy and learning difficulties. It is now believed that many of these idiopathic pre-term births are results of pre-conception dieting.
"We know now that this period of under-nutrition could impact on the development of the pituitary and adrenal glands of the baby and may well affect the development of other organ systems",
says Prof John Challis of the University of Toronto.
4. Pre-natal exposure to alcohol & alcoholism
Research has found that 14 per cent of young adults who were prenatally exposed by their mothers to one or more episodes of five or more drinks had more alcohol problems by age 21 compared with 4.5 per cent who were not as heavily exposed to alcohol. The question that arises is what percentage is due to the mother's
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by David Halstead, M.Ed, "The Brain Guy", and Brain Power Learning Group.
Edited by Peggy Halstead
© 2006-2010 David Halstead, All rights reserved.
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©Copyright: Brain Power Learning Group 2008. All Rights Reserved.
More info about the Brain than you knew existed. Unique information you can't get anywhere else!
© 2006-2010 BRAIN POWER LEARNING GROUP.
All rights reserved.
*If you would like clarification of some of the points in this issue or just want to discuss the contents,
we offer a f+ree 30 minute consultation with David Halstead, "The Brain Guy" and author of this ezine,
on these or other educational concerns.
Email me at escape@mts.net and I will set up an appointment.
Or contact us through Linkedin and we'll get a discussion group going
by David Halstead, M.Ed, "The Brain Guy", and Brain Power Learning Group.
Edited by Peggy Halstead
© 2006-2010 David Halstead, All rights reserved.
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